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- On ‘reflexive pronouns’
- Grammatical word-disambiguation again
- First steps in gallurese language
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- On the implementation of grammatical disambiguation
- The 90% rule
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Tag Archives: machine translation
Grammatical word-disambiguation again and again
The main difficulty here seems to lie in the adaptation of the grammatical disambiguation module. Indeed, for the French language, such a module performs disambiguation with respect to about 100 categories. The number of pairs (or 3-tuples, 4-tuples, etc.) of … Continue reading
Adjective modifiers again
We will consider again a category of words such as ‘very’, when they precede an adjective. Traditionally, this category is termed ‘adverbs’ or ‘adverbs of degree’, but we prefer ‘adjective modifier’, because (i) analytically, they change the meaning of an … Continue reading
Grammatical word-disambiguation again
The challenge is especially that of generalizing the grammatical word-disambiguation to several languages. Creating a module of grammatical word-disambiguation for each language appears to be a long and arduous task. This seems to be the main difficulty. But if a … Continue reading
Hinting at the Control problem
The question of choosing the best system to solve the problems posed by word disambiguation in the field of translation seems to be linked to the AGI control problem (how to avoid that an AGI finally turns out to be … Continue reading
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Tagged AI control problem, control problem, machine translation, word-sense disambiguation
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On the implementation of grammatical disambiguation
Grammatical disambiguation – i.e. whether ‘maintenant’ is and adverb (now) or the gerundive (maintaining) of the verb ‘maintenir’ – seems to be the crucial issue for the adoption of the rule-based model or statistical model for machine translation. This problem … Continue reading
The status of adjective modifiers
What is the status of adjective modifiers (tant, tout juste, un rien, un tantinet, très, extrêmement, … = so much, just a little, a little, a little, very, extremely, …) in the present grammatical typology? Adjectives are defined as noun … Continue reading
The two-language matching problem
Here is a problem for a human intelligence (or an AGI): we have a dictionary (with words, lemmas and grammatical types) in a language A and a second dictionary in a language B. If we have an extensive corpus of … Continue reading
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Tagged AGI, artificial intelligence, human intelligence, machine translation
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Why it’s worth it to engage in rule-based translation
Rule-based translation is difficult to implement. The main difficulty encountered is taking into account the groups of words, so as to be on a par with statistics-based translation. The main problems in this regard are (i) polymorphic disambiguation; and (ii) … Continue reading
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Tagged AGI, artificial general intelligence, grammar checker, grammatical type, lemmatizer, machine translation, part-of-speech tagger, pluralizer, pos-tagger, rule-base translation, rule-based machine translation, rule-based MT, singularizer, text analysis, text mining
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Reflections on grammatical typologies
It is useful to point out the differences that may exist between different grammatical typologies. The classical grammatical taxonomy is essentially aimed at teaching and comprehension. It therefore has a pedagogical purpose. On the other hand, the taxonomy that is … Continue reading
Analyzing relative pronouns
What is the status of ‘relative pronouns’ of classical grammar within the present conceptual framework? Traditionally, a distinction is made between simple relative pronouns (qui, que, dont, où ; who, what, whose, where) and compound relative pronouns (à qui, pour … Continue reading
Powering MT with two-sided grammar: the case of ‘près de’
‘près de’ (near) is considered to be a prepositive locution. From the viewpoint of two-sided grammar, it is (synthetically) a preposition, made up (analytically) of an adverb (‘près’) followed by the preposition ‘de’. In Corsican language, this is translated as … Continue reading
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Tagged machine translation, two-sided grammar, two-sided grammatical analysis
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Expanding on noun modulators
Let’s take a closer look at noun modulators, especially common noun modulators. We have seen that adjectives could be considered, in the present conceptual framework, as noun modulators. In this context, the question arises, are there other forms of noun … Continue reading
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Tagged adjective, grammar, machine translation, modulator, two-sided grammar, two-sided grammatical analysis
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New: Part-of-speech tagger for French language API
I have just published the POS-tagger for French language API, on RapidAPI. The use of the API is free for 1000 requests / month. No training necessary, it works immediately.
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Tagged categorizing words, French pos tagger, grammatical categories, grammatical tagger, grammatical tagging, machine translation, natural language processing, nlp, part-of-speech tagger, part-of-speech tagging, pos tagger, POS tagging, rule-based machine translation, tagging words
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Further reflexions on the status of “I love you” in Corsican language
Let us briefly recall the problem: translating ‘I love you’ might sound trivial, but it’s not. In fact, ‘ti amu‘ is not the best translation. The best translation is ‘ti tengu caru‘ when addressed to a male person, or ‘ti … Continue reading
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Tagged ambiguity, Corsican language, disambiguation, French grammar, grammar, I love you, machine translation, personal object pronoun, pronoun resolution
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More on polymorphic disambiguation…
Let’s take another look at polymorphic disambiguation. We shall consider the French word sequence ‘nombre de’. The translation into Corsican (the same goes for English and other languages) cannot be identical, because ‘number of’ can be translated in two different … Continue reading
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Tagged disambiguation, machine translation, polymorphic disambiguation, translation
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Autonomous MT system
Let us speculate about what could be an autonomous MT system. In the present state of MT we provide rules and dictionary to the software (rules-based translation) or we feed it with a corpus regarding a given pair of languages … Continue reading
Word sense disambiguation: a hard case
Let us consider a hard case for word sense disambiguation, in the context of French to Corsican MT. But the same goes for French to English MT. It relates to French words such as: ‘accomplit’, ‘affaiblit’, ‘affranchit’, ‘alourdit’, ‘amortit’. The … Continue reading
New insight on the issue of pair reversal (updated)
The issue of pair reversal: it goes as follows: Suppose your have a given translation pair A>B that translates language A into language B, how hard is it to build the reverse pair B>A? Now the current instance of this … Continue reading
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Tagged machine translation, translation pair reversal, word-sense disambiguation
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How to translate ‘Cette phrase est en français’ ? (This sentence is in French) – updated
Let us consider the following French sentence: Le comté de Kronoberg est un comté suédois dont le nom signifie en français ‘Couronne de montagne’. It translates into Corsican: A cuntea di Kronoberg hè una cuntea svedese chì u so nome significheghja in … Continue reading
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Tagged machine translation, self-reference, superintelligence, superintelligent machine translation
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What is required from Artificial General Intelligence with regard to Machine Translation?
We will be interested in a series of posts to try to define what is required of an AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) in order to reach the level of superintelligence in MT (machine translation). (All this is highly speculative, but … Continue reading
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Tagged artificial general intelligence, lexical disambiguation, machine translation, rule-based machine translation, word-sense disambiguation
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Superintelligent machine translation (updated)
Let us consider superintelligence with regard to machine translation. To fix ideas, we can propose a rough definition: it consists of a machine with the ability to translate with 99% (or above) accuracy from one of the 8000 languages to … Continue reading
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Tagged AGI, AI, artificial general intelligence, lexical disambiguation, machine self-improvement, machine translation, MT, rule-based machine translation, self-improvement, superintelligence, superintelligent machine translation, word-sense disambiguation
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Is rule-based MT more ethical than statistical MT?
In the ongoing debate on safe IA, it is a relevant open question of whether rule-based MT is more ethical than statistical MT. Here are some arguments in favor of rule-based MT in this context (without blaming statistical MT which has its … Continue reading
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Tagged brain emulation, ethical machine translation, ethical MT, machine translation, rule-based machine translation, statistical machine translation
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Rough typology of remaining errors (updated march 2018)
French to Corsican: performing on French wikipedia sample test currently amounts to 94% on average. Below is a rough typology of remaining errors (presumably an average scoring of 95% on the open test should be attainable on the basis of correction … Continue reading
Evaluation of machine translation: why not self-evaluation?
Evaluation of machine translation is usually done via external tools (to cite some instances: ARPA, BLEU, METEOR, LEPOR, …). But let us investigate the idea of self-evaluation. For it seems that the software itself is capable of having an accurate … Continue reading
Semantic disambiguation of French ‘femme’: in the mud, gold is still shining
In Corsican language, French word ‘femme’ can be translated, depending on the context either into donna (woman) or into moglia (wife) The above sample still contains a lot of vocabulary and grammatical disambiguation errors (easy/medium difficulty), but it handles … Continue reading
A Special Case of Anaphora Resolution
Anaphora resolution usually refers to pronouns. But we face here a special case of anaphora resolution that relates to an adjective. The following sentence: ‘un vase de Chine authentique’ (an authentic vase of China) is translated erroneously as un vasu … Continue reading
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Tagged anaphora, anaphora resolution, Corsican language, disambiguation, French to Corsican, machine translation
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Four consecutive ambiguous words
Translating the following sentence: ‘ce fait est unique’ is not as easy as it could seem at first glance. In effect, it is made up of four consecutive ambiguous words: ‘ce’: ‘ssu (demonstrative pronoun, this) or ciò (it, relative pronoun) … Continue reading
What are the conditions for a given endangered language to be a candidate for rule-based machine translation?
What are the conditions for a given endangered language to be a candidate for rule-based machine translation? For a given endangered language to be a candidate for rule-based machine translation, some requirements are in order. There is notably need for: a … Continue reading
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Tagged dictionary, diglossia, elision, euphony, gaddhuresu, gallurese language, grammar, lexicon, machine translation, rule-based machine translation
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Solving fivefold ambiguity: translation for French ‘poste’
French word ‘poste’ has (at least) fivefold ambiguity. For it can designate: ‘poste’ (masculine singular noun) : postu, masculine singular noun (set, i.e. television set) ‘poste’ (masculine singular noun): posta, feminine singular noun (position): erroneously translated as postu in the present case … Continue reading
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Tagged Corsican language, disambiguation, fivefold ambiguity, machine translation
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Another case of firstname ambiguity: ‘Noël’
Translation of the French word ‘Noël’ yields another case of ambiguity. For ‘Noël’ can translate: either into Natali (Christmas, Christmas Day): the annual festival commemorating Jesus Christ’s birth or into, identically, Natali (‘Noel‘): the firstname Now it seems there is no case of … Continue reading
