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Recent Posts
- Leaving ambiguity unresolved
- Dictionary = Corpus?
- Grammatical taxonomy again: the case of prepositions
- Creating new grammatical types
- Evaluation of the performance after changes
- Evaluating the performance of the translation after the changes made
- Grammatical word-disambiguation again and again
- First feasability test: dictionary morphing
- Translation from Italian to Gallurese
- Adjective modifiers again
- On ‘reflexive pronouns’
- Grammatical word-disambiguation again
- First steps in gallurese language
- Hinting at the Control problem
- On the implementation of grammatical disambiguation
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Category Archives: blog
Leaving ambiguity unresolved
Disambiguation is an essential process in machine translation. Sometimes, however, it seems more rational and logical to leave an ambiguity in the translation. This is the case when (i) there is an ambiguous word in the sentence to be translated; … Continue reading
Dictionary = Corpus?
As far as machine translation is concerned, it seems that the best thing is to combine the best of the two approaches: rule-based or statistic-based. If it were possible to converge the two approaches, it seems that the benefit could … Continue reading
Grammatical taxonomy again: the case of prepositions
Let’s look at the translation of the word ‘whose’. Depending on the case, ‘whose’ can be a relative pronoun: ‘la difficulté dont je t’ai parlé’ (the difficulty I told you about), ‘voilà le professeur dont j’apprécie beaucoup les cours’ (this … Continue reading
Creating new grammatical types
Italian has ‘prepositions followed by articles’ (preposizione articolate). This is a specific grammatical type, which refers to a word (e.g. della) that replaces a preposition (di) followed by an article (la): il lo l’ la i gli le di del … Continue reading
Evaluation of the performance after changes
Just performed a series of open tests, using the (pseudo-random) article of the day from wikipedia in French.The results are the following, concerning the Taravese version of the Corsican language:95,7695,7694,3495,7699,2595,0495,48that is to say an average of about 95%, taking into … Continue reading
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Evaluating the performance of the translation after the changes made
The Corsican translator is changing. Let’s go back to the tests with the French wikipedia article of the day, to have a better idea of the progress made (if any).There are two errors here (partitive article). The evaluation is: 1 … Continue reading
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Grammatical word-disambiguation again and again
The main difficulty here seems to lie in the adaptation of the grammatical disambiguation module. Indeed, for the French language, such a module performs disambiguation with respect to about 100 categories. The number of pairs (or 3-tuples, 4-tuples, etc.) of … Continue reading
First feasability test: dictionary morphing
The first test carried out to transform the dictionary (in the extended sense) based on the French-Corsican pair, into a dictionary related to the Italian-Gallurian pair, shows that it is feasible. The result – of an acceptable but perfectible quality … Continue reading
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Tagged Gallura, gallurese language, Italian to Gallurese, italian-gallurese
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Translation from Italian to Gallurese
Our new project will be to try to implement the translation from Italian into Gallurese. For this is an essential pair for the Gallurese language, which is a priority. The major difficulty in doing this is:– on the one hand, … Continue reading
Adjective modifiers again
We will consider again a category of words such as ‘very’, when they precede an adjective. Traditionally, this category is termed ‘adverbs’ or ‘adverbs of degree’, but we prefer ‘adjective modifier’, because (i) analytically, they change the meaning of an … Continue reading
On ‘reflexive pronouns’
Pursuing the reflection on grammatical categories, we will examine now “reflexive pronouns”. These are: me te se nous vous se (French) mi ti si ci vi si (Corsican) myself yourself himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves Let us take an example: je … Continue reading
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Grammatical word-disambiguation again
The challenge is especially that of generalizing the grammatical word-disambiguation to several languages. Creating a module of grammatical word-disambiguation for each language appears to be a long and arduous task. This seems to be the main difficulty. But if a … Continue reading
First steps in gallurese language
The translator takes his first steps in translating from French into the Gallurian language. The first tests show a score of 75-80%, with many errors in grammar, spelling and vocabulary. It will be necessary to reach a score of 90% … Continue reading
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Tagged français-gallurais, Gaddhura, gaddhuresu, Gallura, gallurese language
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Hinting at the Control problem
The question of choosing the best system to solve the problems posed by word disambiguation in the field of translation seems to be linked to the AGI control problem (how to avoid that an AGI finally turns out to be … Continue reading
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Tagged AI control problem, control problem, machine translation, word-sense disambiguation
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On the implementation of grammatical disambiguation
Grammatical disambiguation – i.e. whether ‘maintenant’ is and adverb (now) or the gerundive (maintaining) of the verb ‘maintenir’ – seems to be the crucial issue for the adoption of the rule-based model or statistical model for machine translation. This problem … Continue reading
The 90% rule
The translation from French to Gallurese is in progress and currently under development. An application for Android is first planned. It will be called ‘traducidori gaddhuresu’. Currently the French-Gallurese translator is undergoing testing. It will only be published if its … Continue reading
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Tagged endangered languages, french to gallurese, Gaddhura, gaddhuresu, Gallura, gallurese, gallurese language
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A “traducidori gaddhuresu” in preparation
After the Corsican language, the second endangered language for which we would like to develop a translator is the Gallurese language (“traducidori gaddhuresu”). As far as the ‘traducidori gaddhuresu’ is concerned, we are considering an Android application and a Windows … Continue reading
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Gallurese language
Our next project will be to implement the translation from Italian into Gallurese (gaddhuresu), or from French into Gallurese. The Gallurese language is close to the Corsican language, in particular to the ‘Rucchisgiana’ (Alta Rocca) or ‘Sartinese’ variant of the … Continue reading
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Updating our grammatical typology
We now have the following categories in our grammatical taxonomy: determinants nouns pronouns verbs prepositions and postpositions determinant modifiers noun modifiers, i.e. adjectives adjective modifiers verb modifiers, i.e. adverbs (but in a restricted sense with regard to classical grammar) adverb … Continue reading
On the category of adverb modifiers
Let’s continue to rethink the gruesome (so is it argued here) category of adverbs (in the classical sense). Let’s now turn our attention to the category of ‘adverb modifiers’. Adverbs are understood here in a restricted sense: they are either … Continue reading
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Tagged adverb, adverb modifier, adverbs, degree adverbs, grammar, grammatical typology, two-sided grammar
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The case of adjective modifiers and the notion of grammatical proof
Let’s consider again the case of adjective modifiers (in classical grammar, this category of words are considered as degree adverbs). These include the following: peu, très, extrêmement, surtout, étonnamment, à peine, vraiment, assez, bien, trop, tellement, … = pocu, assai, estremamente, … Continue reading
The status of adverbs
What are adverbs in the present grammatical taxonomy? Adverbs have a much more restrictive definition here than in their traditional definition. Adverbs in this typology are verb modifiers. Therefore, adverbs are distinct from: adjective modifiers (such as peu, très, extrêmement, … Continue reading
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The status of adjective modifiers
What is the status of adjective modifiers (tant, tout juste, un rien, un tantinet, très, extrêmement, … = so much, just a little, a little, a little, very, extremely, …) in the present grammatical typology? Adjectives are defined as noun … Continue reading
Grammatical typology again
What are the characteristics of the resulting grammatical typology? We now have the following categories: determinants nouns pronouns verbs prepositions and postpositions determinant modifiers noun modifiers, i.e. adjectives adjective modifiers verb modifiers, i.e. adverbs but in a restricted sense
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The status of adjectives
What is the status of adjectives in the present grammatical typology? The notion of modifier is central to this taxonomy. Thus, the adjective is a noun modifier. In the expression ‘the blue sky’, ‘blue’ is a modifier of the noun … Continue reading
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The case of new words for machine translation
Another case that argues for the use of rule-based translation, i.e. human-like, is the following. Frequently we come across a new word, a word we have never seen before. More often than not, a human knows how to translate it. … Continue reading
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Characteristics of an AGI (artificial general intelligence)
What are the characteristics we want for an AGI (artificial general intelligence)? An AGI should have a very advanced capacity in NLP and language comprehension. One of the qualities we expect from an AGI is respect for multilingualism. Hopefully, the … Continue reading
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Tagged AGI, artificial general intelligence, endangered languages, multilinguism
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The two-language matching problem
Here is a problem for a human intelligence (or an AGI): we have a dictionary (with words, lemmas and grammatical types) in a language A and a second dictionary in a language B. If we have an extensive corpus of … Continue reading
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Tagged AGI, artificial intelligence, human intelligence, machine translation
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Prototype of text search with optional grammatical type
Let us expand the idea of text analysis derived from rule-based translation. Above is an example of a classic word-based search. In this particular case, it is the French word ‘été’. This word is ambiguous because it can be a … Continue reading
Why it’s worth it to engage in rule-based translation
Rule-based translation is difficult to implement. The main difficulty encountered is taking into account the groups of words, so as to be on a par with statistics-based translation. The main problems in this regard are (i) polymorphic disambiguation; and (ii) … Continue reading
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Tagged AGI, artificial general intelligence, grammar checker, grammatical type, lemmatizer, machine translation, part-of-speech tagger, pluralizer, pos-tagger, rule-base translation, rule-based machine translation, rule-based MT, singularizer, text analysis, text mining
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